Hevalên derewîn di kurmancî û soranî de

Husein Muhammed

Di zimannasiyê de mebest ji hevalên derewîn yan jî hevalên çewt (bi inglîzî false friends) ew peyv in ku bi temamî yan pirr wek hev in lê di ziman yan zaravayên cuda de yan jî li deverên cuda wateya anku maneya wan ji hev cihê ye.

Mirov bawer dike ku ew peyvên nas in lê dibe ku mirov xelet wan fehm bike yan bi kar bîne. Navê peyvên wisa hevalên derewîn yan hevalên çewt e.

Bo nimûne, peyva pirr (pir) di kurmancî, soranî û zazakî de heye lê di kurmancî de wateya wê gelek, zehf, mişe ye lê di soranî û zazakî de maneya wê tijî, tije, mişt, dagirtî ye.

Dîsa peyva ”mil” di kurmancî de maneya “beşa jorîn ya destan” dide lê di soranî û zazakî de wateya ”stû” dide.

Di kurmancî de peyva ”kin” li hin deveran heye û maneya “kurt, ne dirêj” dide. ”Kin” di hin devokên soranî de jî heye lê maneya “(li) ba, (li) cem, (li) nik” dide.

Di kurmancî de peyva ”kir” forma dema borî ji lêkera “kirin” e. Lê di zazakî de ”kir” maneya ”kîr” ya kurmancî dide.

Di kurmancî bi xwe de jî bo nimûne peyva ”poz” li hin deveran maneya “difin, bêvil, kepî, organa bêhnkirinê” dide lê li hin deran jî maneya wê ”qûn” e. Wateya peyva ”pêsîr” li hin deran “bersîng, paxil, memik, çiçik” e lê li hin deran jî ew maneya “navran, navbera herdu piyan” dide.

”Parzûn” li Behdînan çanteyê rîsî yê pişta bêrîvanan e. Lê li Mêrdînê heman ”parzûn” tûrikê dawerivandina penîrî ye.

Di kurdî de ”boş” maneya ”pirr, mişe, zehf” dide. Lê ”boş”a tirkî bi wateya ”vala, xalî” ye.

Di soranî de ”şit” maneya ”tişt” dide. Lê di inglîzî de ”shit” (bixwîne: şit) wateya ”gû, pîsatî” dide.

Di înglîzî de ”gift” maneya “diyarî, hediye” dide lê di almanî de maneya wê ”jehr” e û di swêdî de jî ”zewicî” ye.

Peyvên wiha di navbera ziman, zarava û deverên cuda de bi hezaran hene. Heta mirov dikare bibêje ku ”hevalên derewîn” ji ”hevalên rastîn” zêdetir in.

Dibêjin yekî hekarî li Helebê çûye xwaringeha yekî efrînî û pirsiye:
— Çi heye?
— Gî heye. (bi efrînî: gî = gişt, hemû, her tişt)
— Çawa gî?! (bi hekarî: gî = gû, pîsatî)

Li jêr em lîsteyeke netemam a hevalên derewîn di navbera kurmancî û soranî de didin.

Soranî                                 Kurmancî                           Kurmancî                 Soranî

al                                         til(iy)a navîn                        al (alî)                           la, dîw

aman                                   hewar, eman                       aman (firaq)                       qap-û-qaçan

areq                                    xuh, xwêdan                        ereq (mey, bade)                şerab, mey

arê?                                     gelo? ma?                           erê                                      bełê

aş                                        1) aş 2) xwarin                    aş                                        aş

awa                                     ava                                      awa                                     şêwe

ayar                                     gulan                                   adar                                    adar

aza                                      fêris, çeleng                        azad                                    azad

ba                                        1) ba 2) belê 3) bila            ba                                        ba

bawî                                    bahîv, behîv                        bawî                                    romatîzmî

beq                                      nêrekew                              beq                                      boq

berdewk                              xweşheval, dost                  berdevk                               axawtinker

berok                                   bersîng                                berok (berîk) gîrfan

bijar                                    qirş, qirşik                           bijare                                  bijarde

bilûr                                    belûr, krîstal                       bilûr                                    şimşał

biske                                    girnij, bişir                          bisk                                      egrîce

boq                                      beq                                      boq                                      biz

buwêj                                  biaxiftin, zêdebêj                biwêj                                                                                                                          zarawe, aydiyom, îdyom

bum                                     erd, ax;          avanî, avahî bum (kund)                         kundebebo

cerr                                     birxû,                                   cerr                                     goze, şerbe

cêga                                    şûn                                      cih, cî                                  şwên

çar                                       çare, hel                              çar (4)                                 çiwar

çare                                     biçim, rû, serûçav               çare                                     çar, hel

çaşt                                     firavîn                                 taşt/têşt                              nanî beyanî

çax                                      qelew; saxlem                    çax                                      serdem; kat

çêşt                                     xwarin, xwirak                    têşt (taşt)      berçayî, nanî beyanî

çirandin                               bang kirin, gazî kirin           çirrandin                             parçe parçe kirdin

daye                                    dayê, dê, dayik, da             daye                                    dawe

debê                                    divê, pêdivî ye                    dibê (dibêje)                       dełê

dem                                     dev                                      dem                                     kat

derewe                                derve, der                           derew e                               diro ye

dew (pele)                           lez, bizav, ecele                  dew                                     do

dewar (reşmal)                   kûn, kon, ~ çadir, xîvet       dewar                                  reşewiłax

direw                                   dirûn, birrîna giya              direw (derew)                     diro

dîlan (gêl, şêtoke)               gêjelok, peledîn                  dîlan (govend)                    hełperkê

dû                                        du (2)            dû (dûv /pey)                       diwa

edî                                       1) helbet, tabî 2) ma ne?    êdî                                       îtir

em                                       ev                                        em                                       ême

emin                                    ez; min                                emin                                    asayîş, emn

esto                                     patik, paşsto  sto                 mil                                      şan

estêrk                                  1) embar 2) bendav            stêr(k)                                 estêre

firawan                               fireh                                    firavîn                                 nanî nîwero

fire                                      pirr, gelek                           fire, fireh                            firawan, pan

gerrek                                 tax, mehel                           gerek                                   gerek, pêwîst

hewar                                  war, havîn-, seyrangeh       hewar                                  hawar, gazî

hêłke                                   hêk                                      hêlik                                    gun

jîr                                        vehewayî, tebitî, tena         jîr                                        hoşyar

kat                                       kat                                       kat / kate [k-ya nerm]        ???

keç                                      (serê) şorr / berjêr             keç                                      kiç (# kur)

kemer                                 navteng                               kemer                                 şal

key                                      kengî, çi demê                    key                                      padişa

kêr                                       kîr                                        kêr                                       çeqo

kin                                       nik, cem, bal, dev, rex        kin (kurt)                             kurt

kok                                      kux, kuxik                            kok, qurm                           kok, qurm

kon                                      kevn                                    kon, kûn                              reşmal

lew                                      li wê/wî                               lew(ma/re)                         boye

lê xurrîn                              ajotin                                   lê xurrîn                              emir kirdin

lixaw                                   hefsar                                  lixav              demamk(î limoz)

mana                                  mane, wate                        mana…                                manewey…

mil                                       sto                                       mil                                       şan

mişt                                     mist (dest)                           mişt (tijî)                             pir

next                                     piçek, kêm                          next (=qelen)                      şîrbayî

pa                                        pê, pî                                   pa?                                      ey?

paxêl                                   erebe (li dû hespan)           paxil                                    baxeł

pel                                       destûpî                                pel (belg, çilû)                    geła

peya                                    peyda                                  peya                                    peyar

pêl (kat)                              dem                                     pêl                                       şepol

pir                                       tijî, mişt                               pirr                                      zor

pîrek (kon)                          pîr û çilmisî                         pîrek (jin)                            jin, afret

pûr                                      met; xalet                           pîr (dapîr)                           dapîr

rakirdin                               bezîn; bazdan, revîn           rakirin                                 hełsandin

razandin                              raxistin                                razandin                              xewandin

sat                                       kêlîk, bîsk                            saet, seet                            se’at, se‘et, sa‘et

sext                                     dijwar, zor                           sexte                                   tezwîr

sil                                        şerm; tirs                            sil (zîz, xeyidî)                     tûre

sûk                                       sivik                                     sûk                                       bazarr

şan                                      mil                                       şan                                      şeref

şaş                                       ekran                                   şaş                                       hełe

şil                                        qerimî,                                şil                                        terr

şîr                                        1) şûr 2) şîr                         şîr                                        şîr (xurak)

şwên                                    cî                                         şûn                                      cêga

tena                                     tenê, bi tenê                       tena (aram, rehet)             aram

terr                                      şil, ne zuha                          terr                                      taze

terane                                 stran                                   tirrane                                 gal_te, şoxî

tewir                                   bivir                                     tevir                                    kulepaç

wate                                    anku, yanî                           wate                                    wata, mana

westan                                rawestîn                              westîn           şeket kewtin, mandû bûn

xas                                       baş, çê, qenc, rind              xas                                       taybet

xêzan                                   jin, kevanî, bermalî            xizan                                    hejar, feqîr

zarawa                                têrm, peyv                          zarava                                 lehce, zarawa

zor                                       pirr, gelek                           zor                                       sext, zehmet

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